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CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: Knowledge of the CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus for the session 2025-26 is necessary for students who want to score well in their board exams and competitive examinations such as JEE and NEET. This manual provides an exhaustive analysis of the syllabus, exam pattern, marking scheme, practical experiments, suggested books, study approach, and probable career options.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: Chapter-Wise Breakdown
The Physics syllabus consists of Theory and Practical, with theory paper carrying 70 marks and the practical exam carrying 30 marks.
Unit I: Electrostatics (16 Marks)
- Electric Charges and Fields: Electric charges and their basic properties, Coulomb’s law, electric field and its applications.
- Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance: Point charge’s potential, system of charges’ potential energy, capacitance, and series and parallel capacitors.
Unit II: Current Electricity (17 Marks)
- Current Electricity: Electric current, Ohm’s law, drift speed, electrical conductivity and resistivity, resistors in series and parallel, and Kirchhoff’s laws.
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism (17 Marks)
- Moving Charges and Magnetism: Magnetic field produced due to a current-carrying conductor, Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s circuital law, and force experienced by a moving charge in a magnetic field.
- Magnetism and Matter: Equivalent solenoid in the form of a bar magnet, magnetic field lines, magnetic field of Earth, and magnetic properties of materials.
Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents (18 Marks)
- Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, eddy currents, and self and mutual induction.
- Alternating Current: AC generator, transformer, peak and RMS value of alternating current, reactance and impedance, LC oscillations, and LCR series circuit.
Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves (18 Marks)
- Electromagnetic Waves: Displacement current, electromagnetic spectrum, and characteristics of electromagnetic waves.
Unit VI: Optics (18 Marks)
- Ray Optics and Optical Instruments: Reflection and refraction of light, total internal reflection, lenses, and optical instruments such as microscopes and telescopes.
- Wave Optics: Diffraction, interference, and polarization of light.
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (12 Marks)
- Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter: Einstein’s photoelectric equation, photoelectric effect, and de Broglie wavelength.
Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei (12 Marks)
- Atoms: Bohr’s atom model of the hydrogen atom, spectral series, and energy levels.
- Nuclei: Radioactivity, size and composition of the nucleus, and nuclear energy.
Unit IX: Electronic Devices (7 Marks)
- Semiconductor Electronics: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, diodes, transistors, logic gates, and digital electronics.
Exam Pattern and Marking Scheme
The CBSE Class 12 Physics exam pattern is as follows:
- Theory Examination: 70 marks
- Section A: 16 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) – 1 mark each
- Section B: 5 Very Short Answer Questions – 2 marks each
- Section C: 7 Short Answer Questions – 3 marks each
- Section D: 2 Case-Based Questions – 4 marks each
- Section E: 3 Long Answer Questions – 5 marks each
- Practical Examination: 30 marks
- Two experiments (one from each section): 7 marks each
- Practical record (experiments and activities): 5 marks
- Investigatory project: 3 marks
- Viva on experiments, activities, and project: 5 marks
Note: Marking scheme is liable to change. Always check the current CBSE guidelines for the most up-to-date information.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Practical Syllabus
The practical section is in two parts, each with certain experiments and activities.
Section A: Experiments
- To find the resistance of a wire with the help of a meter bridge and to calculate the resistivity of the material.
- To check the combination (series and parallel) laws of resistances with the help of a meter bridge.
- To compare the electromotive force (emf) of two primary cells with the help of a potentiometer.
- To find the internal resistance of a provided primary cell with the help of a potentiometer.
Section B: Experiments
- To obtain the focal length of a convex lens by graphing graphs between u (object distance) and v (image distance) or between 1/u and 1/v.
- To calculate the focal length of a concave mirror through the u-v method.
- To calculate the refractive index of a glass slab with the help of a traveling microscope.
- To investigate the characteristics of a common emitter NPN or PNP transistor and find its current gain and voltage gain.
Activities (Demonstrations)
- To see the diffraction of light by a thin slit.
- To investigate the nature and size of the image formed by a convex lens with the help of a candle and screen (for various distances of the candle from the lens).
- To get a lens combination with
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CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26: Chapter-Wise Breakdown
